What Are Corns and Calluses, and How Do You Treat Them?

Corns and calluses are two of the most common skin conditions affecting the feet. Though they share similarities, they are distinct conditions that require proper understanding and care to treat effectively. These thickened areas of skin develop as a natural response to repeated pressure or friction, but without proper management, they can lead to discomfort, pain, and even infections.

At Bellagio Foot & Ankle, we know that healthy feet are essential to your well-being and mobility. This guide explores the causes, symptoms, and treatment options for corns and calluses, helping you prevent and manage these conditions effectively.

What Are Corns?

Corns are small, rounded areas of thickened skin that typically form on the toes or other parts of the foot that experience high pressure or friction. Unlike calluses, corns often have a hard center surrounded by inflamed skin. Corns can be classified into three main types:

1.Hard Corns:

Found on the tops or sides of toes, hard corns develop from bony pressure points and are the most common type.

2.Soft Corns:

These form between toes where moisture causes the skin to stay soft. They are often whitish in appearance and can be painful due to their location.

3.Seed Corns:

Small, tender corns that form on the bottom of the foot, often due to pressure or skin issues.

What Are Calluses?

Calluses are larger areas of thickened skin, usually found on the soles of the feet, palms, or any part of the body exposed to friction. Unlike corns, calluses are rarely painful and are often broader and flatter in appearance.

Calluses develop as a protective response to prolonged friction or pressure. While they are not inherently harmful, they can become problematic if they crack or cause pain.

What Causes Corns and Calluses?

Both corns and calluses are caused by pressure and friction, often from ill-fitting shoes, high-impact activities, or specific foot structures. Common causes include:

•Poorly Fitting Shoes: Tight or narrow shoes can compress your feet, while loose shoes can cause the foot to slide and rub against the shoe.

•High Heels: These force the foot into unnatural positions, increasing pressure on the toes.

•Repetitive Motion: Activities like running or walking can cause repeated pressure on certain areas of the foot.

•Foot Abnormalities: Conditions such as bunions, hammertoes, or flat feet can lead to uneven pressure distribution.

•Lack of Socks or Padding: Walking without socks or wearing poorly cushioned footwear can increase friction.

How to Treat Corns and Calluses

If corns or calluses are causing discomfort, the following treatments can help:

1.Soften the Skin:

Soak your feet in warm, soapy water for 10–15 minutes to soften the thickened skin. After soaking, gently use a pumice stone or foot file to remove dead skin. Be careful not to remove too much skin, as this can cause irritation or infection.

2.Moisturize Regularly:

Apply a thick, non-greasy foot cream to keep the skin hydrated. Look for creams containing urea or salicylic acid, which can help break down thickened skin over time.

3.Protect the Area:

Use over-the-counter pads or cushions to protect corns and calluses from further pressure. Toe separators or foam pads can also reduce friction between toes.

4.Choose Proper Footwear:

Opt for shoes with a roomy toe box and sufficient cushioning to prevent pressure points. Custom orthotics may be recommended for those with structural foot issues.

5.Avoid Sharp Tools:

Never attempt to cut corns or calluses with sharp objects like scissors or razors. This can lead to infections and worsen the condition.

6.Seek Professional Care:

If your corns or calluses are painful, infected, or persistent, consult a podiatrist. At Bellagio Foot & Ankle, we offer safe and effective treatments, such as debridement, custom orthotics, and recommendations for long-term prevention.

When to See a Doctor

Corns and calluses are usually manageable at home, but medical attention is necessary if:

•Pain persists or worsens despite treatment.

•The area becomes red, swollen, or shows signs of infection (e.g., pus or discharge).

•You have diabetes or poor circulation, as these conditions increase the risk of complications.

Preventing Corns and Calluses

Prevention is key to avoiding the discomfort of corns and calluses. Here are some proactive steps you can take:

•Wear Proper Shoes: Invest in footwear that fits well, with adequate support and cushioning. Avoid high heels or tight shoes that increase pressure on your feet.

•Use Protective Pads: Apply gel pads or moleskin to areas prone to pressure or friction.

•Trim Your Toenails: Keep your toenails properly trimmed to prevent them from rubbing against the tops of your shoes.

•Moisturize Daily: Regularly apply lotion to your feet to keep the skin soft and hydrated.

•Wear Socks: Use moisture-wicking socks to reduce friction during physical activity.

Special Considerations for People with Diabetes

Individuals with diabetes are at a higher risk of complications from corns and calluses due to reduced sensation and circulation in the feet. If you have diabetes, it’s essential to:

•Inspect your feet daily for any changes or abnormalities.

•Use specialized diabetic footwear or insoles.

•Never attempt to self-treat corns or calluses. Seek professional care to avoid infections or injuries.

Conclusion

Corns and calluses may be common, but they shouldn’t be ignored, especially if they cause discomfort or pain. By understanding their causes and implementing proper care and prevention strategies, you can keep your feet healthy and pain-free.

At Bellagio Foot & Ankle, we specialize in diagnosing and treating foot conditions like corns and calluses. Our expert team can provide personalized care to address your needs and help you maintain optimal foot health. Contact us today to schedule an appointment and take the first step toward happier, healthier feet.